Trazadone Abuse and Addiction: Effects, Interactions & Treatment

Trazodone is a prescription medication frequently utilized to address depression, insomnia, or alcohol dependence. Although it is not classified as a controlled substance, questions often arise regarding its potential for habit formation. Generally safe and effective, trazodone can still be misused and abused despite its non-controlled status under the Controlled Substances Act.

What Is Trazodone Used For?

Trazodone is an antidepressant prescribed to manage major depressive disorder (MDD) and, more commonly, to treat insomnia or aid in alcohol dependence recovery. It functions as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), which means it prevents serotonin from being reabsorbed into neurons in the brain. By keeping serotonin in the synaptic gap longer, it continues to activate neurons, potentially enhancing mood and alleviating depression. One of trazodone’s most frequent side effects is sedation, which is why it is often prescribed for insomnia.

Trazodone Brand Names

While trazodone is available generically, it is also marketed under the following brand names:

• Desyrel: an immediate-release tablet
• Desyrel Dividose: an extended-release tablet
• Oleptro: an extended-release trazodone tablet, which has been discontinued in the U.S., though generics may still be available.

Trazodone Dosage

Trazodone is offered in various dosages: 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg. The extended-release version comes in 150 mg or 300 mg tablets. For treating depression, the typical starting dose is 150 mg per day, divided into two or three doses throughout the day. The maximum recommended dose is 400 mg per day, though inpatient psychiatric patients may receive up to 600 mg daily. For other uses such as anxiety, insomnia, withdrawal, or pain management, doses generally range from 50 to 100 mg once daily, with gradual increases of 50 mg as directed by a healthcare professional until the desired effect is achieved.

Trazodone Side Effects

Common side effects of trazodone include:

• Blurred vision
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Headaches
• Nausea and vomiting

More rare but serious side effects may involve:

• Confusion
• Diarrhea
• Fainting
• Insomnia
• Involuntary muscle movements
• Low blood pressure
• Swelling
• Tachycardia (rapid heart rate)

Trazodone Overdose

Overdosing on trazodone is possible and can, in rare cases, be fatal. An overdose may occur accidentally or intentionally by taking too much trazodone or combining it with other medications or alcohol. Symptoms of a trazodone overdose include:

• Difficulty or cessation of breathing
• Chest pain
• Irregular or slow heart rate
• Low blood pressure
• Dizziness
• Excessive drowsiness
• Tremors
• Seizures
• Coma

If an overdose is suspected, immediately call 911. Bringing the prescription bottle to the hospital can be helpful. There is no specific antidote for trazodone overdose, but medical professionals will monitor vital signs and manage symptoms as needed.

Trazodone Interactions

Like many medications, trazodone can interact with other drugs, sometimes resulting in significant health risks. Always consult with your doctor or pharmacist to ensure trazodone is safe to use with other medications you are taking.

Trazodone and Alcohol

Both trazodone and alcohol are central nervous system depressants. Combining them can enhance side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and difficulty concentrating. This combination can impair judgment and cognitive functions, making it important to limit or avoid alcohol while taking trazodone. Additionally, mixing trazodone with alcohol can undermine sleep quality or exacerbate depression.

Trazodone and Benadryl

Using Benadryl and trazodone together can intensify side effects, including severe dizziness, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and heightened drowsiness. In certain populations, such as the elderly, this combination can impair thinking, judgment, and motor coordination.

Trazodone and Prozac

Taking Prozac with trazodone may lead to serotonin syndrome, a rare but serious condition. Symptoms include:

• Confusion
• Blood pressure fluctuations
• Increased heart rate
• Fever
• Excessive sweating
• Blurred vision
• Tremors
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Seizures
• Hallucinations

Severe cases of serotonin syndrome can result in coma or death. Always discuss all medications with your healthcare provider to prevent this risk.

Trazodone and Xanax

Both Xanax and trazodone can cause confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, and difficulty concentrating on their own. When taken together, these side effects can be amplified. While these medications may be taken on an “as needed” basis, combining them regularly can increase risks. Always consult your healthcare provider to evaluate the risks and benefits of using both medications concurrently.

Is Trazodone Addictive?

Trazodone is not classified as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act; however, its potential for addiction is still debated. Studies comparing trazodone with other sleep medications like triazolam (Halcion) and zolpidem (Ambien) have found that trazodone has the lowest potential for abuse among the three. Nevertheless, trazodone can sometimes be obtained illicitly without a prescription. Warning signs of abuse include taking trazodone in ways not prescribed or without a prescription, and the development of tolerance leading to the use of other substances to achieve the same effects.

Trazodone Withdrawal

Withdrawal from trazodone, known medically as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome (ADS), can occur in up to 20% of individuals who abruptly stop taking the medication after more than six weeks of use. Symptoms are typically mild and last one to two weeks but can vary or may not occur in some individuals. To minimize withdrawal risks, trazodone should be discontinued gradually under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Trazodone Withdrawal Symptoms

Withdrawal symptoms can include:

• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Trouble sleeping
• Irritability

Always consult with a healthcare professional before stopping trazodone to ensure a safe and effective discontinuation process.

How Long Does Trazodone Stay in Your System?

Trazodone can remain detectable in the body for varying periods depending on the type of drug test administered. While it is not commonly screened for in standard drug tests, specific tests can be requested by a doctor or employer.

In general, trazodone can be detected in:

• Urine: up to 26 days
• Blood: one to two days (based on the drug’s half-life)
• Hair: up to 90 days
• Saliva: unlikely to be detected

Getting Help for Trazodone Addiction and Abuse

If you or a loved one are struggling with trazodone addiction or abuse, support is available. The Recovery Village Salem offers comprehensive care, including intensive inpatient programs and teletherapy options that allow you to receive treatment from the comfort of your home. Our facility emphasizes evidence-based, multidisciplinary care to ensure you receive professional support throughout your recovery journey.

If you or someone you care about is dealing with trazodone use disorder, The Recovery Village Salem can assist. Contact our experts today to learn about our extensive rehab programs and take the first step toward reclaiming your life.